Evidence

How the study works.

Scope, actual collection conditions, definitions, source capture and the boundaries of interpretation.

What was collected

Ten approved US-employer situations; 40 frozen English questions; one primary completed answer per question in ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude and Perplexity. Collection took place on 3-5 November 2026. There were 160 primary texts and 180 recorded attempts, including technical failures and retries. The first completed primary result was retained. Q27 Gemini's completed generic non-answer was not replaced.

The questions were unbranded. No current-name SSSI recommendation was added from a programme name, practitioner, legacy SMS mention or delivery partner. Named providers count once per answer. Explicit aliases were reviewed across questions; corporate parents, university units and unresolved relationships remain distinct.

Actual product and routing conditions

These were consumer interfaces using recorded default modes and dedicated testing logins where available, not a uniform logged-out or API benchmark. Chrome Incognito and product-private modes were used as recorded. The browser route was checked through a US-New York VPN connection. This is a routing condition, not proof that every product treated the account as a US resident.

Q01 Gemini used a guest Flash-Lite/NordVPN condition before later signed-in Temporary Auto sessions. Product labels, errors and changes were logged. Q21's replacement-window attachment was unverified; Q24 Claude mentioned India time despite the New York route. These conditions limit claims about a controlled US-user experiment.

Sources and completeness

All 160 answer texts are saved with hashes. There are 3,170 textual source events. Supporting citations, provider links, retrieved-only entries and entries with unresolved roles remain separate; events can carry more than one role. No answer screenshots are included.

154 source records are complete. Q27, Q28 and Q32 ChatGPT each retain one unresolved original citation URL. Q36 Perplexity retains seven unresolved bundle members; Q37 Gemini retains eight marker mappings with all six sidebar rows saved; Q38 Perplexity retains fourteen member mappings with all 54 panel URLs saved. Source counts may therefore be lower bounds. These exceptions do not change the complete-text recommendation count.

Scope of interpretation

Four formulations are different buyer intents, not repeated identical prompts. Results describe the recorded sample and conditions. They do not establish market share, hidden model reasoning, service quality or guaranteed future visibility.

The SSSI content review uses archived supplied extracts. A fresh browser request was denied by a saved permission policy; reader failures did not establish site-side blocking. Use owner-side inspection for exact-page crawl/index diagnosis. Google guidance supports ordinary technical eligibility and useful content, not a special AI markup or word-count requirement. [12,13]

Research follow-up checks

Primary sources and their limits.

These checks are separate from the sources the products displayed. Publication dates, research periods and inspection notes retain their original meaning.

X01 CCL: influence delivery choices

Current official page; earlier selected primary review

Buyer routes, not independent delivery effectiveness

Open the primary source
X02 CCL: influence facilitator course

Current official shop page

Workshop materials and participant licences; not equivalent to supervised certification

Open the primary source
X03 Korn Ferry: influencing without authority

Current official course page

Audience and modalities; no automatic employer teaching rights inferred

Open the primary source
X04 Korn Ferry: custom leadership programmes

Current official service page

Custom offerings; vendor descriptions are not comparative outcome proof

Open the primary source
X05 Crucial Learning: certification

Current official page

Distinct course and assessment routes; current terms require programme-specific review

Open the primary source
X06 Crucial Learning: Replay partnership

Dated 5 May 2026 announcement

Announced integration stages; announcement is not proof all features shipped

Open the primary source
X07 Crucial Learning: platform release notes

October 2026 release notes inspected

AI Practice Center surfaced in release notes; no SSSI feature recommendation implied

Open the primary source
X08 DDI: CoLab Studio

Current official page

Personalization proposition, not independent evidence of faster outcomes

Open the primary source
X09 DDI: CoLab Studio announcement

Dated 18 May 2026 announcement

Dated competitive development

Open the primary source
X10 Prosci: advisory services

Current official page

Individual, project and enterprise scope

Open the primary source
X11 Vantage Partners: strategic negotiations

Current official page

Internal/external advisory scope and first-conversation context

Open the primary source
X12 Duarte: corporate communication training

Current official page

Team/individual buying routes and practice; published results are vendor-reported

Open the primary source
X13 Dale Carnegie: corporate training

Official indexed page text inspected; fresh direct reader returned 403

Customization/process claims from indexed text, not full fresh-page verification

Open the primary source
X14 DDI 2027 edition: research methods

Current official methods page

11,395 leaders; 2,519 HR professionals; 1,900+ organizations; April-August 2026; 50+ countries; 24 sectors

Open the primary source
X15 DDI 2027 edition: future leadership skills

Published 14 October 2026

Forward-looking needs and investment intentions; not observed 2027 performance

Open the primary source
X16 DDI 2027 edition: trust

Published 14 October 2026

Global survey associations, not intervention causal effects

Open the primary source
X17 DDI 2025 edition: announcement

Published 22 January 2025

10,796 leaders and 2,185 HR professionals; not a matched panel with the 2027 edition

Open the primary source
X18 Korn Ferry: leadership confidence analysis

Published 30 September 2026; methods inspected

Repeated annual survey; coverage expanded from about 10,000/7 countries to 16,000/11; publisher states consistent country/eligibility rules for comparisons; associations not causation

Open the primary source
X19 Training magazine: 2023 industry report

Official indexed report text; direct reader returned 403

Weighted US organizations with 100+ employees; total spending includes payroll and is not specialist leadership consulting spend

Open the primary source
X20 Training magazine: 2024 industry report

Published 20 November 2024

251 respondents; April-July 2024; US corporations/education with 100+ employees; weighted company universe

Open the primary source
X21 Training magazine: 2025 industry report

Published 10 November 2025

April-July 2025 survey; same stated US size threshold; weighted universe changed; no fixed-panel assumption

Open the primary source
X22 LinkedIn: Workplace Learning Report 2025

Official report landing-page text

Self-reported global learning/talent perspectives; skills-to-strategy context, not direct demand for SSSI

Open the primary source
X23 P&G-issued 3SI facilitator credential

Current official issuer credential

Historical/use-case evidence; not a current contract or unrestricted endorsement

Open the primary source
X24 WEST: influence without authority event

Historical first-party event page; collection review PAGE-Q05-westorg-01

Event held 18 September 2024; related legacy/current naming; not current intake

Open the primary source
X25 Google: AI features and your website

Official guidance inspected in primary report preparation

Normal SEO eligibility and useful content; no special AI file or schema requirement

Open the primary source
X26 Google: people-first content

Official guidance inspected in primary report preparation

Task usefulness, clear sourcing and originality; no preferred word count

Open the primary source
X27 CCL: team coaching

Current official page reviewed for the main comparison

Assessment and coaching process; published examples are vendor evidence

Open the primary source
X28 CCL: customized leadership development

Current official page reviewed for the main comparison

Discovery/design/measurement route; not causal proof of recommendation frequency

Open the primary source
X29 Korn Ferry: executive coaching

Current official page reviewed for the main comparison

Executive, transition and enterprise routes; specific intake and rights remain offer-dependent

Open the primary source
X30 Korn Ferry: leadership development

Current official page reviewed for the main comparison

Different leadership levels and organizational scope

Open the primary source
X31 Crucial Learning: consulting

Current official page reviewed for the main comparison

Tailored integration, design and support; not only classroom programmes

Open the primary source